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Argon (lub cim Ar, atomic naj npawb 18) yog ib qho roj zoo uas txawv ntawm nws qhov tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab saj tsis zoo - cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb rau qhov chaw kaw lossis qhov chaw kaw. Muaj kwv yees li ntawm 0.93% ntawm lub ntiaj teb huab cua, nws muaj ntau dua li lwm cov pa roj xws li neon (0.0018%) lossis krypton (0.00011%), muab nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv loj. Nws cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov stems los ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud (yim valence electrons), uas txhais tau tias nws yuav luag tsis tsim cov tebchaw nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus - txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab siab (STP), argon tshwm sim raws li cov roj monatomic (sib xyaw ntawm ib qho atoms, tsis zoo li cov pa oxygen lossis nitrogen), nrog rau qhov kub ntawm -185.8 ° C thiab qhov chaw khov ntawm -189.3 ° C. Cov kub qis qis no txhais tau hais tias nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia cryogenic, tab sis lawv kuj ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov xws li cov khoom siv cua txias, vim nws tsis hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov ntaub ntawv txawm tias chilled rau zero zero.

Argon feem ntau yog sib cais los ntawm huab cua los ntawm fractional distillation, tus txheej txheem meej, ntau kauj ruam. Ua ntej, huab cua hauv huab cua yog lim kom tshem tawm cov plua plav, dej vapor, thiab carbon dioxide - impurities uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov txias lossis paug cov khoom kawg. Tom qab ntawd, cov huab cua ntshiab yog compressed thiab txias rau hauv lub tshav kub exchanger, nws thiaj li mus txog -200 ° C, uas converts nws mus rau hauv cov kua. Cov huab cua ua kua no yog tom qab ntawd tso rau hauv lub siab siab distillation ntauwd, qhov twg nws yog rhuab maj mam. Vim tias cov pa sib txawv hauv huab cua muaj cov ntsiab lus kub kub - nitrogen boils ntawm -195.8 ° C (qis dua argon), oxygen ntawm -183 ° C (siab dua argon) - lawv vaporize ntawm ntau theem ntawm cov pej thuam. Nitrogen roj nce mus rau sab saum toj thiab tau sau ua ntej, thaum cov pa oxygen tseem ua kua hauv qab. Argon, nrog nws qhov nruab nrab kub kub taw tes, condenses nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pej thuam, qhov twg nws yog siphoned tawm. Tom qab ntawd cov argon sau tau raug xa mus los ntawm kev ua kom huv thib ob kom tshem tawm cov nitrogen lossis cov pa oxygen ntxiv, ua rau muaj qib argon (99.99% ntshiab) lossis ultra-ntshiab argon (99.999% ntshiab) rau kev siv high-tech.

Argon lub inertness ua rau nws indispensable nyob rau hauv ntau industries. Hauv metallurgy, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tiv thaiv roj rau cov txheej txheem vuam zoo li MIG (Metal Inert Gas) thiab TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) vuam. Thaum siv los txuas cov hlau xws li txhuas, stainless hlau, lossis titanium, nws tsim muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm thaj chaw vuam, tiv thaiv oxidation uas yuav ua rau cov leeg tsis muaj zog lossis ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag - qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim tsheb thav duab, dav hlau qhov chaw, thiab cov khoom siv. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob tso siab rau ultra-ntshiab argon los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm ntawm cov hlau nyias lossis silicon txheej ntawm microchips, argon sau cov khoom tsim khoom, kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa paug paug rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tshaj li kev lag luam hnyav, argon txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm kev ua kom cov evaporation ntawm tungsten filaments (ob npaug lub neej lub teeb piv rau cov qhov muag teev huab cua) thiab khaws cov khoom qub qub-xws li cov ntawv sau thaum ub los yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis yooj yim-hauv tsev cia puav pheej tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv, qhov twg nws hloov oxygen. Nws kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ntim khoom noj, qhov uas nws tau tov nrog nitrogen kom ntws tawm oxygen, khaws cov khoom ci, khoom noj txom ncauj, thiab cov khoom tshiab tshiab kom ntev dua.

Kev lag luam, argon yog cov peev txheej muaj txiaj ntsig vim nws qhov kev thov dav thiab cov nqi tsim khoom qis. Txij li thaum nws cov khoom siv raw yog huab cua-ib qho tsis kawg, cov peev txheej pub dawb-fractional distillation yog tus nqi tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog nitrogen lossis oxygen ntau lawm (ntau cov nroj tsuag tsim tag nrho peb lub gases ib txhij, txo cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm). Kev lag luam argon thoob ntiaj teb muaj nqis tshaj $ 8 nphom txhua xyoo, nrog kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua ntawm 5-7% ib xyoos twg. Qhov kev loj hlob no yog tsav los ntawm kev lag luam xws li automotive (raws li hluav taws xob tsheb ntau lawm, yuav tsum tau vuam ntau dua), hluav taws xob (txog 5G thiab semiconductor manufacturing), thiab lub zog tauj dua tshiab (lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag siv argon los coated photovoltaic cells). Tsis zoo li cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas tsis tshua muaj siab (krypton nqi 10-20 npaug ntau dua, xenon 50-100 npaug ntau dua), argon tus nqi pheej yig ua rau nws siv tau rau ob qho chaw loj thiab cov chaw sim me me. Raws li kev siv tshuab thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse nrawm dua, kev thov rau argon yuav tsum nce ntxiv, ua kom nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis thoob ntiaj teb.

Yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv, thov hu rau peb dawb:

Hu rau:Miranda Wei

Email:miranda.wei@hzazbel.com

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