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Argon (lub cim Ar, tus lej atomic 18) yog ib qho roj zoo uas txawv ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv inert, tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab tsis muaj saj - cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov chaw kaw lossis kaw. Muaj kwv yees li 0.93% ntawm lub ntiaj teb huab cua, nws muaj ntau dua li lwm cov roj zoo li neon (0.0018%) lossis krypton (0.00011%), muab nws qhov zoo rau kev siv loj. Nws cov tshuaj ruaj khov los ntawm lub plhaub hluav taws xob sab nraud tag nrho (yim lub electrons valence), uas txhais tau tias nws yuav luag tsis tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus - txawm tias thaum kub siab lossis nyob rau hauv qhov siab heev. Ntawm qhov kub thiab siab tus qauv (STP), argon muaj nyob ua ib qho roj monatomic (ua los ntawm ib qho atoms, tsis zoo li diatomic oxygen lossis nitrogen), nrog lub ntsiab lus kub ntawm -185.8 ° C thiab lub ntsiab lus khov ntawm -189.3 ° C. Cov kub qis heev no txhais tau tias nws xav tau kev cia khoom cryogenic, tab sis lawv kuj ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov xws li txias cov khoom siv rhiab heev, vim nws tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv txawm tias thaum txias mus txog ze li xoom.

Feem ntau argon raug cais tawm ntawm huab cua los ntawm kev sib cais ua ntu zus, uas yog ib qho txheej txheem ntau kauj ruam. Ua ntej, huab cua hauv huab cua raug lim kom tshem tawm cov hmoov av, cov pa dej, thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide—cov khoom tsis huv uas yuav cuam tshuam kev txias lossis ua rau cov khoom kawg puas tsuaj. Tom qab ntawd, cov huab cua huv raug nias thiab txias hauv lub tshuab hloov cua sov, thaum kawg mus txog -200°C, uas hloov nws mus ua kua. Cov huab cua kua no ces raug thawb mus rau hauv lub pej thuam siab, qhov chaw uas nws raug cua sov qeeb qeeb. Vim tias cov pa roj sib txawv hauv huab cua muaj cov ntsiab lus kub sib txawv—nitrogen npau ntawm -195.8°C (qis dua argon), oxygen ntawm -183°C (siab dua argon)—lawv ua pa ntawm ntau qib ntawm lub pej thuam. Cov pa nitrogen nce mus rau saum toj thiab raug sau ua ntej, thaum cov pa oxygen tseem ua kua ntawm hauv qab. Argon, nrog nws qhov nruab nrab kub, condenses nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pej thuam, qhov chaw uas nws raug siphoned tawm. Cov argon uas tau sau los ces raug xa mus rau theem thib ob ntawm kev ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov nitrogen lossis oxygen uas tseem tshuav, ua rau cov argon qib kev lag luam (99.99% ntshiab) lossis cov argon ntshiab heev (99.999% ntshiab) rau kev siv thev naus laus zis siab.​

Argon qhov tsis muaj zog ua rau nws tsis tseem ceeb thoob plaws ntau yam lag luam. Hauv metallurgy, nws yog cov roj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem vuam xws li MIG (Metal Inert Gas) thiab TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) vuam. Thaum siv los vuam cov hlau xws li txhuas, stainless hlau, lossis titanium, nws tsim ib qho kev tiv thaiv nyob ib puag ncig thaj chaw vuam, tiv thaiv kev oxidation uas yuav ua rau lub pob qij txha tsis muaj zog lossis ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo - qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov thav tsheb, cov khoom siv dav hlau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob vam khom ultra-pure argon los tsim cov semiconductors: thaum lub sijhawm tso cov hlau nyias lossis silicon txheej ntawm microchips, argon puv lub chamber ntau lawm, xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj cov pa phem ua rau cov circuits mos. Dhau ntawm kev lag luam hnyav, argon txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm kev qeeb qeeb ntawm kev ua kom cov tungsten filaments (ob npaug ntawm lub neej ntawm lub teeb piv rau cov teeb pom kev zoo uas muaj cua) thiab khaws cov khoom qub - zoo li cov ntawv sau qub lossis cov ntaub mos mos - hauv cov rooj tso saib hauv tsev khaws puav pheej, qhov twg nws hloov cov pa oxygen kom tiv thaiv kev lwj. Nws kuj ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ntim khoom noj, qhov twg nws sib xyaw nrog nitrogen los ntxuav cov pa oxygen, ua kom cov khoom ci, khoom noj txom ncauj, thiab cov khoom tshiab tshiab ntev dua.

Kev lag luam, argon yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis heev vim nws muaj kev thov dav dav thiab cov nqi tsim khoom qis. Vim tias nws cov khoom siv raw yog huab cua - ib qho khoom siv tsis kawg, pub dawb - kev distillation fractional yog qhov tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog nitrogen lossis oxygen tsim (ntau lub Hoobkas tsim tag nrho peb cov pa roj tib lub sijhawm, txo cov nqi siv ua haujlwm). Kev lag luam argon thoob ntiaj teb muaj nqis ntau dua $ 8 billion txhua xyoo, nrog kev loj hlob ruaj khov ntawm 5-7% ib xyoos. Kev loj hlob no yog tsav los ntawm kev lag luam xws li tsheb (raws li kev tsim khoom tsheb hluav taws xob nce ntxiv, xav tau kev vuam ntau dua), khoom siv hluav taws xob (nthuav dav 5G thiab kev tsim khoom semiconductor), thiab lub zog rov ua dua tshiab (kev tsim vaj huam sib luag hnub ci siv argon los pleev xim rau cov hlwb photovoltaic). Tsis zoo li cov pa roj tsawg tsawg (krypton raug nqi ntau dua 10-20 npaug, xenon 50-100 npaug ntau dua), argon tus nqi pheej yig ua rau nws nkag tau rau ob lub Hoobkas loj thiab cov chaw soj nstuam me. Raws li kev siv tshuab thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse nrawm dua, kev thov rau argon yuav nce ntxiv, ua kom nws lub luag haujlwm ua tus pab tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho tshiab thoob ntiaj teb.

Yog tias koj xav paub ntxiv, thov hu rau peb dawb:

Tiv tauj:Miranda Wei

Email:miranda.wei@hzazbel.com

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